Centrifugal apparatus.



w. L. DOLIER a; H. STEPHENS.

GENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9, 1911;

Patented Jan. 12, 1 *5.

3 SHBBTSSHEET 1.

HM HHI IHH I Okilfi ATTORNEY.

W. L. DOLIER & H. H. STEPHENS.

OENTRIPUGAL APPARATUS APPLICATION rum 110mg, 191! Patented Jan. 12, 1915.

SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W. L. DOLIER (in H. H. STEPHENS..

CBNTRIFUGAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.9,1911.

Patented Jan. 12. 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 34 ltlafnrt i a. speeci linv. clevc- Ur rrrro eersrrr esree.

WILLIAM L. DQLIER Alli) BAKERY H. STEPHENS, OF PHILADELIPEXA, PENNSYLVAHIA.

CENTRIFUGAL APPLXRATUS.

Specification of Letters Peter-1t.

Pee-exiled Jam, 12, 1&15.

f1; plicetion filed. November 9, 1811. Serial 1%. 659,392.

To a/ZZ whom it mag (once; 1:

Be it lmovvn'tliet We, l LLLur L. 13 mm and .lTlARRY 1-i-Ji :-Ir:-:s, citizens of the imited States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and Store of Pennsylvania, have invented neivand useful improvements i Centrifugal Apparaaiiis, of \VliiCll the follow g l1 specifies lon.

Our invention relates to centrifugal eppiirotus, particularly centrifugal machines for the centrifugal separation of solids from liquids, liquids from liquids, etc, in fact, for cenirifiwal separation or any kind to which a macoine of this type is aiaptevl.

Our iIiYQBlZlOll resides in a centrifugal machine which is adapted to run at particularly high speecls. considering the size of the meoliine, for live separation of solids or semi-solidsgincl the like from sugar solutions, syrups, varnish, or other viscous fluids, or for any centrifugal separation Where excessively liigli speeds are necessary, as where the material to be separated from Elle body of the solution is of only relatively slightly (liiiez'enl specific gravity, or is finely il'viclerl and in suspension in the liquor.

Our invention. resides in the features ire-reinafter @QSCIl GECl and claimed. o t

For an illustration oione of the forms our invention belie, reference is to loo lied to the drawings. in

sectional vie-W.

f one Zorro our l, of the rolowtiiig stationary curb. so tionel Vi w an main bearing s1 lion taken npori arts hem 1 rig. L. is 2 view i I: and partly in ele atiori of c Fig. l is s erl-loll olan view on the v 7 is iregmen'tziry horizontal sectio view taken on iilie line 7-7, Fig; 2. is efrsginenlmlion'- zontal sections vv lie. err on the line 8E'3.

iii

Fig. 2. Fig. 9 is a to ilsn view. partly in horizontal sect-ion, of the steam turbine. Fig. is a horizontal sectional View, some parts in plan. of a handbrake. Fig. 11 is a view partially horizontal seetion anal her 1 carries at its upper encl e,- l'ierm'spheri s cal bearing member 2 in which engages the hemispherical part 3 of a gvratorysl ellve 4;

through which a centrifiigel spiiiile or shaft 5 extends. Within the part 3 is ajbflll bearing 6 being a. lateral ball bearing for the spindle 5 upon the part 3. 811 the inside of the lower end of the sleeve Q are the lateral and vertical ball bearings 7 and 8 respectively; the spindle 5 having lateral bearings on the ball bearings 6' and '3' end loving a vertical thrust bearing upon the ball bearings 8 such bearings transmitting the loacl of the spindle 5 an' the parts cartliereby to the gyretory sleeve 4:, the roeating spindle ancl the parts attached thereto gyreting with said sleeve 4 upon the hemispherical bearing 2, 3, it being well uziclerstoocl in this are that the centrifugal ration Willi the shaft 5, the-member lbeirig proviecl in its lower end Willi e su itable opening in which the squared portion 9 is clisposerl e0 prevent such rotation, and resilione buffers 19 inlervening to cushion any gyration or any relative effort of the sleeve Supported lay the same sleeve lis the vertically amending porziori ll of the E01 rotating casing 12 of aloe driving motor, which may be any suitable type, as an electric motor, loui; here shown is a steam turbine. The rotor 13 of izliestea-m turlaine is secured upon the shell 5 soil, in consequence, the casing 12 and the rotor 18 gyrete with shall maintaining, however, their proper relation with respectto each other. The member 14: carries the sleam nozzle to which steam is lerl through the flexible oipeor hose from the elismber 16 Wl'1i0l1 communicates with the source of steam through pipe 1? controlled by she -ample, es shown es so, 3, e secoiicl and there is secured to flexible ipe or hose 21 communicating with such ail iliary nozzle or nozzles and with the steam receptacle 16 through the valve 22, the latter controlled as hereinafter described. At the extreme lower end of the shaft 5 is secured the runner or impeller 23 of a centrifugal pump, the impeller discharging into the casing 24 which delivers to the flexible pi e 25,the suction pipe 26 for the pump com unicating with-a suitable source of water.

; tating element of the oil pump 32 disposed 'down through the space between the sleeve upon the'turbine casing 12. The oil delivered by this pump passes upwardly through the pipe 33 and discharges into the funnel 34 from which descends the pipe 35 delivering oil into the opening 36 in the sleeve member 4, see Fig. 3. The oil thus delivered floods the upper ball bearing 6 and passes 4 and the shaft 5 flooding the lower ball bearings 7 and 8, and ultimately passing into the oil receiving chamber 37 having the outlet 38 communicating by hose or pipe 39 .with the intake of the oil pump 32. Thus a circulation of oil through the bearings is maintained while the spindle 5 is running.

The other end of the shaft 30 of gear wheel 28 is connected by the flexible shaft 40 with the shaft 41, having-a bearing at 42, of the rotating element 43, within the casing 44, of a centrifugal speed limit device. The member 43, see Fig. '5, is rotated by the flexible shaft 40 at a speed directly proportionate to the speed of the main shaft 'or spindle Within the member 43 is a plunger 45 adapted to move radially outward with respect to the member 43, due to centrifugal action, and this outward movement is opposed by the spring 46. If the speed of the spindle5 reaches a certain value, due to the centrifugal force, the plunger 45 has been moved outwardly and in rotating engages the tail 47 of the latch 48 pivoted to the casing 44 at 49, rotating the latch 48 in a clockwise direction upon the pivot 49, as viewed in Fig. 5, thereby releasing the rod 50, which extends outwardly from the casing 44 and is pivoted at 51 to the arm 52 secured upon the spindle 53 of the valve 22, a counterweight 54 adjustable on the arm 55, tending always to move the spindle 53 in such direction as to close the valve 22. Consequently, when the speed of the shaft 5 reaches a predetermined value, the rod 50 is released as described before,,and the weight vice is used particularly in connection with the starting of the apparatus. In starting 7 54 closes the valve 22. This speed limit dethe valve 18 is opened by, operation of the hand wheel 19 allowing the steam to pass through both pipes or hose 15 and 21, thereby supplying steam to all the nozzles of the turbine, whereby great starting torque or effort is available to accelerate the shaft 5 and its attached parts in a suitably short time. When the speed of the shaft 5 is that desired for normal running, the latch 48 is actuated, as above described, and the valve 22 closed, thus shutting off the steam from the auxiliary nozzle or' nozzles of the turbine, and the turbine then receives the steam only through the pipe or hose 15, which steam is sufficient to maintain the parts run ning at the necessary high speed.

Above the speed limit device there is secured upon the shaft 5 a brake wheel 56, see

-Figs. 1 and 10, having the hub 57 keyed to the shaft 5. The brake wheel 56 proper is secured upon the hub 57 by the spokes 58 which serve also as fan blades or thelike for causing a draft of air through the interior of the wheel 56 between the blades 58', the blades 58 being suitably shaped and inclined for the purpose. assists in cooling the brake surface 56. At 59 are pivoted the arms 60 carrying the brake shoes 61 between which and the brake wheel 56 may intervene suitable material 62 to be the actual wearing material. To

. the rear surfaces of the shoes 61 is applied cooling water delivered to the chambers 63 2 the flexible hose or pipes 64, the cooling uid or water being discharged through the hose or pipes 65. The hose or pipes 64 receive their water from the pipe 25 at 66, Fig. 1. The outer ends of the arms 60 are acted upon, by tlge springs 67, associated with the rod 68, t being normally exerted to press the bra e shoes against the brake wheel. To lift the brake shoes the handle 69 is provided, the same being upon the vertically extending rod 70 to whose lower end is connected the crank 71, Fig. 10, to which is pivoted the link 72, in turn pivoted to the link 73', pivoted to the outer ends of the arms 60. By moving the handle 69 in a counter-clockwise direction about the center 70, as viewed in Fig. 10, the brake shoes will be lifted, and rotating the handle 69 in opposite direction will assist the springs 67 to apply the brake shoes tothe brake wheel to retard and stop the shaft 5' and all attached parts.

The water for cooling the brake/shoes is derived from the centrifugal pump 23, 24 through the pipe 25 in which is provided a. valve 74, Fig. 1, operated simultaneously with the valve 18 by the hand wheel 19.

e pressure of the sprin s This draft of air 18 is closed by the 'benrl e T l is opened. allowing through pipe 66 and, also '75 to the hydraulic brake later to be 61%3ii3'ii.

The line or surface of the floor, upon which 121 attendees or operator may stemi,

is shown at 76, Figs. 1 and 2. Upon this floor upon fees 77 is supported the curb Z8 surrounding line centrifugal apparel-us proper. The bottom of the curb slopes to ward the right, as seen in Fig. 1, and the Water or other material findin its way into the curb is discharged throngs the pipe 59.

The upper end of tbesbeft 5 extends into the bofitom or driving member 80 of Llie bowl, basket, or cen zrifugel drum pamper. This member 80 is preferably of cast steel, but me}? be of other suiiabie material. The member 80 is bolted to and driven by the shaft 5' by e plurelisy of bolts 81 passing through e flange or the like 82 upon the shaft :5.

Around bile periphery of the bottom member 80 is disposed she drum, bowl, or censrifugs-l bsskel; 83 preferably of nickel steel, or other material, which is of such high tensile strength as to Wiilistsml tbs extreme siresses exerted thereon when driven at very bigb number of revoloeions per minute, es, for example, in the ease of basket or 83 of 36 inches diemeser running QSGO revolutions per minute, 21,,- prozimeoely. At its lower soil the bowl or basket 83is provided Witb ledge 84 eogaging against the lower edge or the inem-- be? 80 and s plursli sy of bolts 85 passes through the ouber flange of he member 80 one. the bowl or basket 83. -Ti1ese belie, however, do not in themselves 'genereily su'r iics for keeping bliejoint 86 betweez the bowl 83 soil the member 80 sight, for as the speeds emgiloyez the liquids Wisliio the bowl b-er 8G expands or increases or basket exertextremely pressures and leak through Wllai; would be ei ht joinss in ordinary centrifugal opperetus. This fliilicult is overcome, however, by the construction bore shown, Where the joinfi is in snob 'position. anti Where the modulus eras ticity of the member (iiil'ers from modulus of elas-Jicitr of the bowl such degree shat, at the high speeds est-aimed, fibe member 80 stresches radially, undeeizbe cen" triiugel force of acting, at a greater rate then the stretching or expanding, uorler centrifugal forces, of she bowl member 8 forms of unsuccessfui ii ints and constructions a machine of The size eroci speesi aforementioned. During o eretion s. pres sure 18 exerted vertically against the cover v90 thus tending to lift the bowl 83 vertically with respect to the member 80 which would thereby cause a sheer upon the bolts 85, but the bolts are relieved from this.

For bringing the parts to rest a hydraulic broke in addition to the hand brake above referred to is provided- This comprises buckets 87, similar lo water Wheel buckets, secured upon the outside of the bowl 83 at its lower edge, see Figs. 2 and 8. In Fig. 8 the arrow indicates the olirection of rotat-ion of bile bowl 83. The Water derived from the pump 23, '24 through pipe 25, valve T l, pipe 75 and pipes 88, is delivered to the nozzles 89 which deliver the Weber against the buclzess 87 in such direction as to oppose the rosiive movement of? the member 83.

. 'A'oover 90 for the bowl 83, also preferably of nickel steel, rests upon the top edge oi the bowl 83 and. is clamped so the letter by the ring not 91, screw-blireedeci upon the bowl 83, preferably also of nickel sseei. be cover 90 e. 92 extending W are the verses 95, pres? redial, integ 'sl or secured upon be see Figs. .2 and X. The member is shown conical inform, but be of any other suitebie form. as cylindricol. The member its boils-011i has the horizontal portion 9'? from which Qiii'eifli is follows from ibis eonsiruction end choice alownwsrdly so rest upon the bottom of the or materials ob-es the joins so is made gtrzi v 9% the vertical portions 98 of the vanes tighter and tighter as the speed of rotation is increased, due to the fact that the memiii diameter s t a greater robe ills-i1 member 85. last mentioned feature isrone of: the tent ones ofour invejobion aria by only basing see.

orm the finest emgoyed, to prevent a rising wall of liquid prom; passing over and out at she top of the s re bup sor so soon the cover 90 is she OWDW-Slldiff beyond the iipgeer edge of the owl S3, a recess being ,PI'OVlClQd to: the riibipoxi she boleoni of tbe V o. The meni i'aer 96 extends upwardly so at whose month or re-- phragm or ring 103, of suitable opening.

considering the speeds employed. And for varying the rate of discharge and for treat ment of materials varying in character and varying in amount and nature of solids or semi-solids or other matter to be separated, rings 103 of different sized openings may be employed. The liquid passes from the annular chamber through the opening 104 into the chamber between the stationary members 105 and 106, discharging at the spout 107. Any overflow of the raw liquor supplied to the machine must pass the diaphragm or ring 100, thence over the member 102 into the chamber between the stationary members 105 and 107, and is discharged at the spout 108, where it may be caught and reintroduced into the machine.

Outside of the member 96 are disposed the members 109, 110, 111, 112, (shown as conical but which may be of any other suitable form, as cylindrical) and 113, all having perforations as shown in Fig. 7. A filter paper or medium may cover the inside wall of member 113. The members 109 to 112 inclusive are horizontal at their upper portions and extend in to the throat member 99. At their lower edges they extend into the circular grooves in the horizontal'part 114 of the member 96. This in sures a long and tortuous path for liquor leaking from one space to another, and minimizes such leakage. The members 109 to 112 inclusive have at ,their lower parts the separator rings 115. And a separator ring 116 is provided outside of the member 113. Through these separator rings and the vanes 95 the outward thrusts of all the cones are transmitted to the drum 83. Upon the cone or cylinder 112 are provided the strengthening bands 117. In the member 114 are the perforations ,118 to allow the liquor to rise ,into the space between the members 96 and 109. The member 113 at its upper edgeis joined to the ring 119 to which, in, turn, is connected the fiat cone 120carrying on its upper surface the radial or curved vanes 121. see Figs. 1. 2 and 6*. Through the bowl or drum 83 extends a -plug 122 accessible through the hand hole 123 in the curb 78. the hand hole 123 having a'pivoted cover 124. By remoi al of the plug 122 the liquor Within the drum. l howl 83 may be drained off.

The operation of our apparatus is "3 follows: Assuming the apparatus at v to start the same, the hand wheel 19is ope. iterl to open the steam valve 18 and simuitaae ously close the water valve 74. Steam now passes through pipes 15 and 21 to both sets of nozzles of the steam turbine causing the same to rotate and to accelerate the shaft 5 and the bowl 83 and attached parts. When the parts have attained the desired speed of revolution, the speed limit device, as hereinbefore described, actuates the latch 48 and releases the rod 50, whereupon the weight 54 closes the valve 22 shutting off steam from one set of nozzles of the steam turbine, the steam supplied to the other set of nozzles being sufficient to maintain the apparatus at its necessary high speed. And while the shaft 5 is in motion the oil pump 32 produces a circulation of oil, as hereinbefore described.

The liquor to be treated is introduced into the throat 99 through the diaphragm 100 and passes into the space within the member 96 where it is caused to rotate with the parts by the vanes 95, and the centrifugal action is sufiicient forimmediate separation of heavy solids. The liquor rises through the perforations 118 to the space between the members 96 and 109 and is subjected to centrifugal action, and passes through the per-- forations in the member 109 to the space between the members 109 and 110 and thence through the successive cones 111 and 112, and finally out through the perforations in the member 113 into the space between the same and the bowl or drum 83, then passes upwardly through the space between the ring 119 and the cover 90 and above the cone 120 in which place it is also kept in rotation by the vanes 121. It then discharges through the dia hragm 103 and finally through the ori ce 104 and spout 107 Liquor is continuously fed through the diaphragm 100 and is delivered continuously. through the orifice 104 and spout 107 until so much solid or semi-solid material has been extracted that the drum and the parts within must be cleaned. In this centrifugal op-' eration extremely high pressures are developedwithin the drum 83, but nevertheless the joints 86 and 93 are maintained tight,

by the actions hereinbefore described. By

the employment of the vanes 121 the success and efficiency of the machine is greatly increased for, in-fact, without these vanes' very little, if any, practical quantity of fluid is discharged. And by properly adjusting the diameters of the openings in the dia-i-r phragms 100 and 103 the rate of treatment of liquid may be greatly increased or diminished. And notwithstanding the great liquid pressures developed within the cen trifugal apparatus the amount of flow. through the apparatus will depend upon the difference in head between the inlet through diaphragm 100 and the outlet through-diaphragm'103 and orifice 104. I

When it is desired to stop the machine,

the valve 18 is closefi and the wire opened and the hand brake set by t 69. The steam being entirety shut o the turbine the parts now run uncier own momentum and the kinetic energy 0 the rotating parts is consumed in actuating the. centrifugal pump 28 2%, neiiver "5; Water through pipe 25 to esoi the hrs shoes of the hand brake end else to suppi water under pressure to the nozsies 89 the water brake. Thus, the kinetic is used to operate the Water brake, the of the'weter pump serving te diminish speed and, furthermore, the same Water o'per ating against the direction of rotation of the parts at the water brake, stiii furtherdecreases the speed, and finsiiy come to rest, the last part of the hrizing being due principally to the hand brake For the difierent liquors operated. upon, containing difierent amounts of sediments or semi-soiids, different numbers or cylinders as l09, etc., may be ernpioyeti. With liquors containing much sediment one or more of the inner members 169 may be omitted to previde greater ca. acity for the solids or semi-solids.

e believe we are the first to sncees construct and operate a, large si"e ngal machine at such high speeris; doing so have overeome many prior machines of like size which, driven at the high speeds, failed in o more respects. And our inventien in part in features iending hw do the successful construction and high speed running of so large a centrifngei machine.

What we'eiaim is:

1. In centrifugal apparatus, a shaft, a. centrifugal drum, a member cured upon said shaft anti to said drum rotating said drum, emi a, joint fermeri tween said drum and ssisi s e s 

